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Emily Dickinson :: Essays Papers

Emily Dickinson Emily Elizabeth Dickinson was an American writer of the nineteenth century. She was probably the best ace of the short verse sonnet. Not much is thought about her life, yet what is known is irregular and intriguing. Emily Dickinson was conceived in Amherst, Massachusetts on December tenth, eighteen hundred thirty, to a noticeable family. [ 9. http://www.kutztown.edu/staff/ reagan/*censored*inson.html ] She was the second offspring of three kids. Her granddad, Samuel Dickinson, was one of the originators of the Amherst College. Edward Dickinson, her dad, held a few political positions. He was on the General Court of Massachusetts, Massachusetts State Senate, and United States House Representatives. Edward was additionally a legal advisor and the treasurer for the school. [ 9. http://www.kutztown.edu/workforce/reagan/*censored*inso n.html ] Emily's mom, Emily Dickinson, was a basic lady. She was devoted to her home and family. Emily's mom endured a long haul of sickness so she dealt with her. Dickinson had a more established sibling, Austin, who likewise filled in as the treasurer for the school and other city positions. Austin wedded Emily's closest companion, Susan Gilbert. Lavinia was Emily's more youthful sister. She didn't wed anybody so she remained in the family house. The three kin shared a cozy relationship. Their folks didn't have a cozy relati onship with them, yet they did love and care for them. Emily's folks ensured she had decent training. She went to a grade school for a long time then she went to Amherst Academy from eighteen hundred forty through eighteen hundred forty-seven. After that she went to Mary Lyon's Female Seminary ( Mount Holyoke Female Seminary ) for just a year. [ 7. http://www.gale.com/library/resrcs/poets_cn/dic knbio.htm ] The theological college demanded strict just as scholarly development. Emily didn't care for the strict condition and was feeling the squeeze to turn into a purporting Christian. [ 4. wysiwyg://5/http://www.britannica.com/bcom/eb/article/0/0,5716,30830+ 1,00.html ] At the point when it came to religion, Emily was a cynic. She got back so she wouldn't need to confront the strict condition, and her folks requested that her return home. [ 10. http://www.sappho.com/verse/authentic/e_*censored*in.html ] Emily started to compose sonnets at an early age. She had a few motivations in her sonnet composing. Emily Bronte was a writer, and after her sibling's demise she remained at home until her passing. Bronte's book turned into a major accomplishment after her demise. Emily Dickinson :: Essays Papers Emily Dickinson Emily Elizabeth Dickinson was an American artist of the nineteenth century. She was probably the best ace of the short verse sonnet. Not much is thought about her life, however what is known is unordinary and intriguing. Emily Dickinson was conceived in Amherst, Massachusetts on December tenth, eighteen hundred thirty, to a noticeable family. [ 9. http://www.kutztown.edu/workforce/ reagan/*censored*inson.html ] She was the second offspring of three kids. Her granddad, Samuel Dickinson, was one of the organizers of the Amherst College. Edward Dickinson, her dad, held a few political positions. He was on the General Court of Massachusetts, Massachusetts State Senate, and United States House Representatives. Edward was likewise an attorney and the treasurer for the school. [ 9. http://www.kutztown.edu/personnel/reagan/*censored*inso n.html ] Emily's mom, Emily Dickinson, was a straightforward lady. She was committed to her home and family. Emily's mom endured a long haul of disease so she dealt with her. Dickinson had a more seasoned sibling, Austin, who likewise filled in as the treasurer for the school and other city positions. Austin wedded Emily's closest companion, Susan Gilbert. Lavinia was Emily's more youthful sister. She didn't wed anybody so she remained in the family house. The three kin shared a cozy relationship. Their folks didn't have a cozy relatio nship with them, however they did love and care for them. Emily's folks ensured she had decent instruction. She went to a grade school for a long time then she went to Amherst Academy from eighteen hundred forty through eighteen hundred forty-seven. After that she went to Mary Lyon's Female Seminary ( Mount Holyoke Female Seminary ) for just a year. [ 7. http://www.gale.com/library/resrcs/poets_cn/dic knbio.htm ] The theological school demanded strict just as scholarly development. Emily didn't care for the strict condition and was feeling the squeeze to turn into a maintaining Christian. [ 4. wysiwyg://5/http://www.britannica.com/bcom/eb/article/0/0,5716,30830+ 1,00.html ] At the point when it came to religion, Emily was a doubter. She got back so she wouldn't need to confront the strict condition, and her folks requested that her return home. [ 10. http://www.sappho.com/verse/chronicled/e_*censored*in.html ] Emily started to compose sonnets at an early age. She had a few motivations in her sonnet composing. Emily Bronte was a writer, and after her sibling's passing she remained at home until her demise. Bronte's book turned into a major accomplishment after her demise.

Writing a Social Issues Essay

Writing a Social Issues EssayThe hardest part of writing a social issue's essay is trying to write a persuasive argument that you have the right facts in your corner. You need to show that the opponent of what you're saying doesn't really have any facts to base their position on. Sometimes this can be accomplished with more layers of evidence but generally speaking your best bet is to just go straight to the points that you believe are the strongest.Most of the time this will come through the first key point that you have made in your essay. Sometimes this can be a very strong point, but often you have to know what to expect to be able to talk about it in a convincing way. The most common error is to not realize that people are actually good at putting words together that they don't understand. To an extent, that might seem like a disadvantage, but if you understand the reality of this situation you will be in a much better position to exploit it. There are always going to be words t hat don't really make sense.The challenge comes when people try to reason with you don't know what to do. If they turn out to be consistent arguments, they're better than having them argue against. When someone understands the basics of rhetorical technique, it's often easier to get around this obstacle.The other thing that you should keep in mind is that what you say is based on the core idea of the argument. If the writer had made the point that poverty was a social issue without ever discussing the roots of the problem then a poverty essay would look nothing like a poverty essay.Once you've written your social issues essay you will need to make sure that it is well read. Most people give their best works a second glance, but that second glance is only going to be a third glance if the reader is forced to stop reading. So make sure that you are engaged and enthusiastic about the issue that you're writing about. You don't want to frustrate the reader and make them want to go away f rom the book immediately.A general rule is that the more complex or convoluted the argument is the less chance that readers will stick around to find out what is really going on. If there are too many loopholes or different sides of the story the reader won't stay. They'll just go somewhere else. You don't want to be writing a social issue's essay if you're hoping for readers to return.For this reason, writing an essay on something that has a lot of gray area is a smart choice. The reader is trying to take on board what they have to accept and understand without being asked to condemn. They want to ask questions and they want to see the points that the argument is based on. They want to find out what they believe and how they are affected by it.Writing a social issue's essay isn't hard, but it does require a certain amount of thoughtfulness. You need to convince the reader that what you are saying is the truth, but you also need to show them how you can justify your position. If you are able to do both of these things then you will make a powerful argument that will stand the test of time. All of which is very important when it comes to making a successful case for the social issues that you are arguing against.

Essay on The Events Leading Up to the American Revolution

In the event of America’s victory in the American Revolution lead to the birth of a new nation. However, before the American Revolution the original colonies of America were already becoming impatient with British rule. This was mostly a result of a foreign country trying to rule people an ocean apart, and by rule this meant collecting taxes Americans found unfair. This rebellion against British rule became more prevalent from the passing of the Stamp Act of 1765 created mostly by George Greenville. The passing of this tax was Britain’s way of reinforcing their authority in the colonies and lessening their financial burden. However, from British standpoint that was not the sole purpose for the acts as they also wanted to build a defense†¦show more content†¦From that moment on it was clear it had to be decided was it of Britain’s best interest to give the colonist their desired independence, or fight for their most prized possession despite their debt. Y et, from the American standpoint there was only one option and that was fight for their independence as war and cleanse America of British rule. It became to the point that if open warfare was not anticipated by most Americans, some nevertheless did what they could to make ready for it. In colony after colony militia awkwardly practiced military exercises, and patriots collected weapons and ammunition. The actions on both parts led to the official start of the impending combat with the battles of Lexington and Concord. These battles signified America’s surprising readiness to stand up against the redcoats and the divide among the two countries greatened. In addition, to America’s war effort was the creation of the First Continental Congress who were expanding on what they considered fair American rights. Yet, by calling themselves a Continental Congress was an overstatement for only it represented the thirteen colonies (Alden 42). Leading Americans to urge Canadians to join the effort for them to occupy the Americas, despite conflict that arose from the Quebec Acts. America was strong in its own way, but they were also desperate for outside support for it still resonated in their minds theyShow MoreRelatedHistorical Narratives Of The Major Events Leading Up For The American Revolution Essay2379 Words   |  10 PagesSummative Objective 1 for this Instruction: Students will use primary and secondary sources to create historical narratives of the major events leading up to the American Revolution. Summative Objective 2 for this instruction: Students will know the major events that led to the American Revolution. Means of Assessment (Describe briefly here, and attached below in each lesson): After you describe your assessment, mention how you will differentiate for a student with special needs (e.g., strugglingRead MoreThe Death Of A Shoemaker And The Tea Party By Alfred F. Young Essay1338 Words   |  6 Pages The American Revolution, today, is seen as a memorable event in history. It was a war against Britain for the independence of the thirteen colonies that began in 1775. Before the American Revolution began, there was a lot of conflict between the colonists and British authorities. The British raised revenue by establishing Acts such as the Stamp Act of 1766. The colonists were against it and tried revolting against Britain, leading to the Boston Massacre in 1770 of British soldiers shoot colonistsRead MoreThe Great Principles Of The American Revolution1689 Words   |  7 Pagescreation of the American nation became what it is today from years of struggle in which the common people, as well as the Founding Fathers, played a vital part for independence. The promise of the Revolution, a nation based on the republican ideals of liberty, independence, and equality, was to some extent achieved. Yet the great principles of the Revolution have long shaped our thoughts of what it means to be an American. All the events leading up and after the American Revolution will have effectsRead MoreThe Revolution Of The American Revolution999 Words   |  4 Pagesand 1776, resistance to imperial change turned into a full-on revolution. The American Revolution, also known as the Revolutionary War, was a time of revolting and political uprising, in which the 13 colonies separated from the British Empire, forming the independent nation known as the United States of America. Though the American Revolution began because the colonies wanted independence from Britain, many important historical events and revolts also lead to the tensions and resistance to what resultedRead MoreThe Ameri can Revolution Through British Eyes By Christopher Hibbert872 Words   |  4 PagesIn his narrative Redcoats and Rebels: The American Revolution Through British Eyes, Christopher Hibbert portrays the sequence of events that happened in the American revolution from a British perspective. The author’s main idea in this narrative is to demonstrate the war from a different point of view and to emphasize the narratives from a British audience. Mr. Hibbert’s subject in this matter of the book, illustrates the life of the American people and the British loyalist representing both sidesRead MoreThe American Revolutionary War Essay1322 Words   |  6 Pages When looking at sources for research one must analyze what is influencing the author. Sarson was writing his book leading up to 2005 in Wales, and Nellis was writing leading up to 2010 in British Columbia. Although the five-year difference in publication dates does not present any convincing possible influencers between th e two authors the locational differences between the authors does present the possibility for differing influencers. Between Wales, United Kingdom, and British Columbia, CanadaRead MoreThe Revolution Of Nicaragua s Society960 Words   |  4 PagesThe Nicaraguan Revolution from 1927 to 1979 was critical in the reconstruction of Nicaragua’s society. In an already turmoil-filled Latin America, this revolution reshaped how Latin American countries dealt with foreign occupation while helping the country form an identity[JLW1] . In Nicaragua, the people were confronted with a war against the United States and resisting the Somoza regime. They had to overcome these obstacles in an attempt to finally establish peace in society. However, their journeyRead MoreRadical Ideas Of The American Revolution946 Words   |  4 Pages Leading up to the American Revolution, were a chain of events that created a spark in the colonists to obtain independence from Great Britain. The American Revo lution could not be tied to one single event but instead by the feelings and determination brought on by this chain of disgraceful actions. Gordon S. Wood explains what he believes caused the rebellion of the American colonists from Great Britain and how those causes help explain the outcomes of the revolution in his essay, â€Å"Radical PossibilitiesRead MoreThe French Revolution And The American Revolution1254 Words   |  6 PagesThe French Revolution was an influential period of social and political upheaval in France that lasted from 1789 until 1799, and was partially carried forward by Napoleon during the later expansion of the French Empire. The Revolution overthrew the monarchy, established a republic, experienced violent periods of political turmoil, and finally culminated in a dictatorship by Napoleon that rapidly brought many of its principles to Western Europe and beyond. Inspired by liberal and radical ideas, theRead MoreThe Minutemen And Their World1275 Words   |   6 Pagesof the small town of Concord, Massauchessets. Gross describes the American Revelotion through the eyes of this community which paints a more vivid picture of the events taking place up to the war which seperated the Unite States for Great Britian through a perspective that I have never seen before. The book begins with the time leading up to the American Revolution. Just like all American colonies Concord faced hardship leading up to the war. The british imposed tariffs such as the Stamp Act and

Marlows Lack Of Restraint Essay - 1849 Words

In Joseph Conrad’s infamous novella, Heart of Darkness, the narrator listens as Marlow tells his tale of his journey in the Congo, where he comes across many different types of people, all of which he can have hugely varying opinions on. It may seem at first that he simply views the Congolese as less than himself, but his ideas of humanity are far more complex than that, and is not directly tied to race. It is not the people that he despises, but the area they inhabit. He blames their environment and gives it this eminent evil surrounding it. His is an issue with their lack of restraint to the evil and savagery of the world. Marlow’s creation of his own concept of restraint in relation to his journey informs of the major themes and ideas†¦show more content†¦As he approaches Kurtz and continues down the river and further into the Congo, Marlow accumulates around thirty native Congolese people working on his steamboat, and without a real thought he makes the ass umption and conclusion that they are all cannibals. He notes that they bring Hippo meat with them, which according to him quickly goes rotten and has to be thrown overboard. He then says, â€Å"Why in the name of all the gnawing devils of hunger they didn’t go for us—they were thirty to five—and have a good tuck-in for once, amazes me now when I think of it. They were big powerful men, with not much capacity to weigh the consequences, with courage, with strength, even yet... I saw that something restraining, one of those human secrets that baffle probability, had come into play there.† This is one of the only times that Marlow describes the native Congolese people as human. Only through first basing this off several racist stereotypes, Marlow is able for a moment to view the natives as human beings, because, in his own skewed and ridiculous view of them, he believes that they have an incredible amount of restraint to the ‘darkness’ that seems to emanate from the Congo. Their self control and resistance to the savage urges is the quality Marlow believes makes them equal to himself in the sense that they are human beings like himself. This is also telling of the grand misunderstanding of Marlow with his entire experience andShow MoreRelatedAnalysis Of Joseph Conrad s The Heart Of Darkness 1801 Words   |  8 Pagesconduct in a restrictive way, such as views on sexual restraint and a low tolerance of crime (Sanders, 2). The Victorian era saw social issues such as child labor and prostitution become issues which influenced societal views on the roles of women in British society (Sanders, 10). These social norms shaped men’s views on women in general, giving rise to the underlining perceptions of female purity and the role of women as homemakers. This essay will examine the role that societal views on women inRead More Reality and Illusion in Joseph Conrads Heart of Darkness Essay3966 Words   |  16 Pagesthat whi ch is incomprehensible to Marlow. The life of the Africans and the power of the jungle—or the larger reality of humanity—is evil in its incomprehensibility. The supreme morality is restraint, and comprehension of the jungle or acceptance of its incomprehensibility becomes symbolic for the absence of restraint in man. Purpose is good in its comprehensibility. When Marlow speaks derisively of the French man-of-war shelling an invisible ‘enemy’ to no purpose it is because he finds its actions ‘incomprehensibleRead MoreThe Cruelty of Colonialism in Joseph Conrads Heart of Darkness1813 Words   |  8 Pagescareer paths, Achebe believes Conrad makes an obvious statement that he is Marlow (4). Refuting another argument defending Conrad, some believe Africa was merely the setting for the more important message behind the story of hubris, greed, and lack of restraint that contribute to an unimaginably evil man. Accordingly, Achebe accuses Conrad of having a â€Å"...perverse kind of arrogance in thus reducing Africa to the role of props for the breakup of one petty European mind† (5). Although Africa may onlyRead MoreDr. Miller s Heart Of Darkness1936 Words   |  8 Pagesthese backwards savages into the future and the ways that they can suppress their savage customs. As time goes on, he has finished his pamphlet, but his mental degradation has just begun. Soon, the darkness consumes him and he becomes one who â€Å"lacks restraint in his various lusts,† (Conrad, pg. 57) a savage himself. In the end, Kurtz lives in a hut surrounded by pikes adorned with the heads of the â€Å"savages† and proposes that the final solution to the suppression of their customs is to â€Å"exterminateRead MoreThe Distorted Images in Heart of Darkness4513 Words   |  19 Pagesother in front of him. Marlow’s attitude to their â€Å"cannibalism† reveals his fear, ignorance and contempt. In fact, there is no cannibal in Af rica, and he never encounters cannibals in Africa. He may learn it from others’ words. Marlow treats cannibalism as an everyday custom of the Congolese, even though he probably sees no evidence of it when he is there. On the trip upstream the white men catches glimpses of villages in which ceremonial rites are being performed. Marlow’s depiction of these experiences

Sensitive Liquid Chromatography Tandem †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discusss about the Sensitive Liquid Chromatography Tandem. Answer: Introduction: Galactosemia is a genetic disease which inhibits the systemic break down of galactose in body. It occurs due to the absence of the three enzymes namely Galactose-1-phosphate uridylyltransferase (GALT),Galactokinase (GALK) and UDP-glucose 4-epimerase (GALE) (1). Of the three variants, the clinical galactosemia is the most alarming one. These enzymes are essential for breaking down glucose or galactose in the body. Increased amount of galactose in the body could have severe consequences on the health of the patients such as liver diseases, cataracts, brain damage or even death. The symptoms of the diseases could be seen in the initial days of the birth of a new born baby itself. This disease is curable with consuming diet free of galactose and lactose. However, it can cause nutritional deficiency with so many restrictions imposed on the food. These sugars are present in many foods, so as soon as the disease is identified, dieticians or nutritionists recommend a special diet to balance out the deficiency. In the meanwhile, regular blood tests keep the metabolite levels under check. But it requires many tests to examine the speech, vision, neurological, brain, liver and other body parts to monitor the progress of the disease in the body. Galactosemia is a rare genetic disease and its incidence rate varies across the world. The incidence rate varies from 1:19,000 to 1:44,000 in Europe and the US (2). However, in Asians, the disease is seen to be very uncommon while Irish people tend to have the maximum number of cases of the same. Genetic Mutation Researchers have identified various types of the disease depending on the mutation of the gene in question. These have been explained in an elaborate manner below: Classicgalactosemia or Type 1: This is probably the most common and severe version of the disease. If suffering infants arent put on a low-galactose diet promptly, there are fair chances of death within a couple of days after the birth. The symptoms include lethargy, feeding difficulties, no weight gain, jaundice, liver damage, and abnormal bleeding, bacterial infections, and shock (3). Such patients could potentially be under increased risk of speech and vision difficulties. Female patients are likely to face complications during reproduction. In this type, the erythrocyte GALT enzyme activity is very low or completely absent, but the galactose and erythrocyte galactose-1-phosphate levels are increased and hence the patients succumb to the increased risk of diagnosed with fatal E. coli sepsis and other long complications. Hence in this case, patients need immediate medical supervision before the situation worsens. Nevertheless, the patient must be put on strict diet. I Galactokinase deficiency or Type 2: It occurs due to the absence of galactose kinase. Herein, the health complications are comparatively less than the type 1. The suffering infants may get affected by cataract but are likely to avert long term severe health complications (3). Nevertheless, the patients need to be examined before confirming as incidence of this is pretty low. Type 3: It occurs due to the absence of UDP-galactose 4-epimerase enzyme. It is very rare and can be categorized in generalized form and milder peripheral form (4). If left untreated, the sufferers of the generalized form are likely to develop cataracts during the first few months of life and may fall victim to liver, kidney and brain damage in long term (5). Clinical Symptoms Medical practitioners have long been observing the clinical symptoms amongst the victims around the world. A suffering infant would suffer from vomiting, diarrhea, lethargy, jaundice, and liver damage, blood infection and in long term, it may demonstrate poor development, hepatomegaly, and cataracts (6). These long term health complications could potentially impact the day to day life of the victims. For instance, it could impact the neurological development, or could cause death if not given medical attention. If left untreated or diet containing galactose is continuously fed during the first few days of the infant, it could threaten the survival chances of the infant. The affected infants, even at the age of one to two weeks, can succumb to the disease owing to severe escherichia (E. coli) bacteria infections. The American Liver Foundation is of the view that all the affected infants who are diagnosed with jaundice must be examined for galactosemia. The disease has poor prognosis with symptoms showing up in the first few after the birth of an infant. Though the acute symptoms are well handled after a diet free of lactose and galactose is started, many sufferers despite of the severity level of the disease during the initial days after the birth (6), continue to linger on with multiple complications such as speech difficulties, intellectual deficit, neurological issues and hypergonadotropic hypogonadism in females (7). Infants are recommended soy formula. Newborn metabolic screening (NBS) helps in identifying galactosemia in advance (1). However, this screening only detects patients with GALT enzyme activity of less than 15%. Even though the NBS averts the severity of the disease and death, there is no major impact on the long term health issues. Owing to insufficient evidence supporting the NBS, researchers are reluctant to confirm it as the most suitable tool for the disease (8). Ever since the emergence of the newborn screening (NBS) for galactosemia, many infants have been timely identified with the disease. Even after knowing positive NBS, doctors have to ascertain the exact nature of the variant of GALT deficiency. Of all, classic galactosemia is a serious case and needs prompt medical attention. Hitherto, more than 230 GALT gene mutations have been found worldwide. However, a significant proportion of the positive NBS comes in case of the Duarte biochemical variant condition. Many clinicians are of the view that Duarte variant galactosemia does not confirm the presence of the disease irrespective of the dietary intervention. Nevertheless, medical supervision is required and multiple tests must be conducted to confirm the nature of the variant. Aside from the NBS, other commonly used method is to determine the activity of GALT enzyme activity in red blood cells (RBC), and further confirmed through GALT genetic analysis (9). Most of the medical labs use radioactive assays to measure enzyme activity but it isnt capable to measuring low activity (10). As measuring the GALT activity in RBC is not reliable after blood transfusion, genetic analysis in lymphocytes is recommended. There are other diagnostic methods to measure blood galactose, RBC Gal-1-P, and/or urinary galactitol before the final diagnosis is made (9). Nutritional Management Most infants are advised to go on a diet free of lactose or galactose as soon as they are diagnosed with the disease. Hence breastfeeding is replaced with soy-based formula (11). For the later stage, food free of galactose must be fed to the infants. There is as such no restriction on other fruits and vegetables. However, the patients have to be careful about nutrient intake as products replacing milk are not sufficient to meet the nutritional requirement of the body. Some patients are put on elemental formulas but they are expensive than soy formula, and neither do they provide an exclusive benefit over soy diet. There is significant variation in the level of restrictions imposed on the applicable consumption of lactose and galactose. Hence doctors put the patients on strict diet to avoid intake of the galactose or lactose. Academic studies have indicated that small proportion of intake of such products may not do much harm. Galactose content is reported to be very meagre or negligible in some cheeses such as Emmentaler cheese from Europe and North America. They are a good source of calcium and hence most of the doctors encourage aged cheese in the diet of such patients (12). There is ongoing debate across the medical fraternity in regards of lifting strict restriction on certain safe galactose products as the patients age as it may actually harm instead of curing the disease. Conclusion Galactosemia is a rare disease which alters the normal tendency of the body to process sugar. The affected infants typically show less energy, vomiting, diarrhea, slow growth, jaundice, liver issues, and many more health complications. The disease has to be diagnosed during the initial couple of days after the birth of the baby through metabolic screening. The patients are advised to consume diet free of lactose or galactose to avoid health complications. However, there are growing concerns over nutritional deficiency given the stern restriction on food. Infants are advised soy formula or elemental formula but there are other things recommended such as old cheese to balance the nutritional level. However, the proportion of lactose varies in food products across different countries. Given that patients can become nutrition deficient, some fruits, vegetables, unfermented soy-based products, legumes, and mature cheese must be allowed. However, medical practitioners must be consulted bef ore deciding on the total nutritional value. Clinically, there is no fixed solution for nutrient management. Galactosemia patients are under long term health complications, especially brain damage. In such cases, doctors must go for examining patients for developmental quotient (DQ) and intellectual quotient (IQ) in order to monitor the growth or deterioration of the disease. Likewise, clinical assessment Management to examine the speech and vision must be scheduled in a proper way to verify the executive functioning of the body. For instance, affected children must be examined after a gap of a few years to monitor the impact of disease on the patient. Doctors must examine patients for their neurological health ever since the age of 2 or 3. There is dire need to for academicians to dig deeper to understand the disease better and figure out more solutions for the affected patients. References Serafinceanu N, Cucu IC, Serafinceanu C. Galactosemia: diagnosis and treatment. Romanian Journal of Diabetes Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases. 2012 Jun 1;19(2):215-8. Coss KP, Doran PP, Owoeye C et al. Classical Galactosaemia in Ireland: incidence, complications and outcomes of treatment. J Inherit Metab Dis. 2012. 36:217. National Institute of Health (NIH). N.d . Retrieved from https://ghr.nlm.nih.gov/condition/galactosemia#statistics Timson DJ. The structural and molecular biology of type III galactosemia. IUBMB life. 2006 Feb 1;58(2):83-9. Wohlers, T M, Christacos, N C, Harreman, M T, and FridovichKeil, J L. Identification and characterization of a mutation, in the human UDP-galactose-4-epimerase gene, associated with generalized epimerase-deficiency galactosemia. Am. J. Hum. Genet.1999. 64, 462 470. Hughes J, Ryan S, Lambert D et al. Outcomes of siblings with classical galactosemia. J Pediatr . 2009. 154:721726 Kaufman FR, Reichardt JK, Ng WG et al. Correlation of cognitive, neurologic, and ovarian outcome with the Q188R mutation of the galactose-1-phosphate uridyltransferase gene. J Pediatr. 1994. 125:2257 Varela-Lema L, Paz-Valinas L, Atienza-Merino G et al. Appropriateness of newborn screening for classic galactosaemia: a systematic review. J Inherit Metab Dis. 2016. 1 17. Welling L, Bernstein LE, Berry GT, Burlina AB, Eyskens F, Gautschi M, Grnewald S, Gubbels CS, Knerr I, Labrune P, van der Lee JH. International clinical guideline for the management of classical galactosemia: diagnosis, treatment, and follow-up. Journal of inherited metabolic disease. 2017 Mar 1;40(2):171-6. Li Y, Ptolemy AS, Harmonay L et al. Ultra fast and sensitive liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry based assay for galactose-1-phosphate uridylyltransferase and galactokinase deficiencies. Mol Genet Metab. 2011. 102:3340. Jumbo-Lucioni PP, Garber K, Kiel J et al. Diversity of approaches to classic galactosemia around the world: a comparison of diagnosis, intervention, and outcomes. J Inherit Metab Dis. 2012. 35:103749. Portnoi PA, MacDonald A. Determination of the lactose and galactose content of cheese for use in the galactosaemia diet. J Hum Nutr Diet. 2009. 22:400408

Integration of Faith and Social Works Essay Example Essay Example

Integration of Faith and Social Works Essay Example Paper Integration of Faith and Social Works Essay Introduction Social workers are group of people who involve themselves with social problems, their causes, their solutions and most especially their impact to humanity. They based their actions on social justice and human rights, and consider human factors like physical, emotional, physiological, social and spiritual aspects.Today, there is an increase in the number of social workers that based their purpose on their faith in God. They based their work on their own experiences, when their faith was tested and spiritual intervention. There are also social workers that based their purpose in the Bible’s teachings-which is to lend and extend a hand to needy persons.Why is there a person or group of persons that based their social works on their faith in God? Can faith and social works be combined as one? Finally, how can faith and social works be integrated to understand fully the purpose of their social acts?Principles of HelpingFrom the Bible, there are many verses that emphasize goodness, kindness, righteousness, morality and justice. According to the Bible, God is the Creator, Savior and Provider of all the needs of people on earth. The main medium for the purpose of the Provider for providing all the necessities of the people is the church. Also, many believe that the government can no longer resolve some social problems like poverty. They believe that the church has a big responsibility in resolving the said social issue (Watkins, 1996b).The principle of helping was based on some literature. The most popular literature is the Bible. Almost all the teachings in the Bible emphasize goodness and the principle of helping, like the popular story of the Good Samaritan. In the story, the Samaritan had extended a helping hand to a Jew though the two are considered enemies. Example of the verses that highlighted social works is from Galatians 6:2. The verse suggests that the act of bearing the burden and suffering of other person is the Law of Christ (The Bible). From the verse, people who has great faith in God and who do social work will be motivated to help other people. Another verse from the Bible that supports the first verse was from Ezekiel 16:49 which state that people who do not pity others nor help other people in need will commit a sin. From observation, a person who has a strong belief in God will follow the teaching of the Bible so as not to commit sins. The teachings from the Bible is a strong and efficient medium in strengthening the beliefs and faith of other people and also has high percentage why such people perform social works or acts (The Bible).Another verse is from Luke 10:27 which remind the responsibility of human beings to help those in need. The verse from the Bible can be reiterated as â€Å"forced kindness deserves no thanks, willingness to serve does not wait until it is asked for†. The phrase can be converted in to one word which is initiative. God wants us to have the initiative to help other people. God wanted to say to the people that sacrifice must come from our hearts to be able to help other people. Serving other people is one of God’s plans (The Bible).Social issues and povertyA survey was conducted by The Barna Group to determine the poverty condition of United States and also to determine the point of view on poverty of the citizens of the said country. From the survey, it revealed that approximately 75% of the total citizens of the country believes that poverty is a serious problem while 20% of the population said that poverty is the most alarming social issue facing the country. Part of the survey showed who is responsible in the poverty issue. An estimate of 4% believed that the responsibility is in the hands of the church (The Barna Group Ltd. 2007).Surprisingly, Barna showed from his survey that Americans who are devoted to God did not manage to respond to the poverty issue of the country. The survey surprised Barna because he believes that the sectors of the society w ho will take the first response to the social issue are the people who are engaged in church activities and indoctrination. The recommendation of Barna to the people who are devoted to God but somewhat has no attachment on the social issues is to have a hands-on in taking care of the poor. According to Barna, in this way the people who are engaged to God and to the teaching of the Bible will be awakened on the true situation of the country and also to apply their beliefs (The Barna Group Ltd. 2007).Faith and Social WorksIn the 1937 presidential inaugural address, President Roosevelt gave some reminders on the people of the country on the responsibility of each citizen to take the first step in responding to the people who are less fortunate. He also said that this action will help in the progress of the country. Given the discussion above, it can be observed that the speech of Roosevelt regarding responsibility of the citizens of the United States in taking part on the progress of t he country was based on the teachings and moral principles of the Bible (Watkins, 1996a).A good example of an integration of faith in God and social works is the life of Mother Teresa. Mother Teresa committed her entire life in serving the needy people, helping the sick, poor, and orphaned people. Mother Teresa’s social and charity works was based in India. She was introduced to missionary work early in life. The environment where Mother Teresa grew made her aware on the social issues in other places. Stories about charity works of the missionaries amazed her. At early stages, because of the teachings of the missionary to her, she decided to commit herself in giving and lending hand to others who are in need of help. When Mother Teresa was involved in social welfare acts in India, there was a time that spiritual intervention occurred. She called this the â€Å"call within the call† (Spink, 1997). This was the time when she decided to have a fulltime commitment in servi ng the needy people in India. Her faith in God pushes her to do goodwill acts to people who are hungry, naked, homeless, crippled, blind, lepers, and all those people who feel unwanted. Mother Teresa wrote in her diary that her faith in the Creator served as her guidance in doing social welfare acts (Spink, 1997).â€Å"Our Lord wants me to be a free nun covered with the poverty of the cross. Today I learned a good lesson. The poverty of the poor must be so hard for them. While looking for a home I walked and walked till my arms and legs ached. I thought how much they must ache in body and soul, looking for a home, food and health. Then the comfort of Loreto [her former order] came to tempt me. ‘You have only to say the word and all that will be yours again,’ the Tempter kept on saying . Of free choice, my God, and out of love for you, I desire to remain and do whatever be your Holy will in my regard. I did not let a single tear come.†Many studies have been conduc ted to determine the relation of faith and social works. These studies determined how faith in God affected the social acts of some people. According to Smith (2007), his study showed that there is an increasing number of social workers in the United States. Also, the study suggests that faith-based social workers are more effective in dealing with social issues in the society. The response of the faith-based social workers when dealing on the problems of the society like social and health care service is more efficient compared to the services given by the government. The main reason behind the better performance of the faith-based social workers is the commitment of the said organization in performing their duty to help others who are in need. Moreover, the study of Smith will try to understand and connect the role of faith in God of individuals and the social works (Smith, 2007).Because of the teachings from the Bible, some tend to respond to the social issues by making social wo rks to the needy people that is guided by the teachings in the Bible. People who chose this path were driven by their faith in God, thus following the lessons and teachings of the Bible. They believe that doing social works based in the sole purpose of the Bible will satisfy their minds and hearts.Ethical CodesThere is an association composed of social workers that is responsible for helping those in need. The association is known as National Association of Social Workers or NASW. NASW based their principles, preamble and code of ethics on the social justice and human rights. The association’s code of ethics serves as a guide in performing professional social welfare acts. Sets of standards must be met by the practitioners to follow the purpose of the NASW. This serves as guide in decision making when performing their tasks as social workers. The ethical standards of NASW as well as the purpose were based on the teaching of God and the Bible which is to extend hands to those in need (Workers, 2007).Known to be the biggest in the world, the NASW is an organization of professional social workers aiming to strengthen and unify the social work profession, promote its development, and advance sound social policies. NASW has 56 chapters with 160,000 members all over the United States, Puerto Rico, and abroad.Though faith and social works can be integrated and produce effective result in performing social welfare works, there are also drawbacks but not considered as danger when integrating the two concepts. Though the people who will perform the social welfare acts are engaged in God and believes in the teaching of the Bible and other religious books, there is still a chance that the person or group of persons that will do the said act will not perform well. There is a chance that temptation will occur. Take in the case of stealing the source of funds of the group. In performing social welfare activities, funds are needed to be utilized in performing the activ ities in social works. The person who is in charge of the monetary aspect may be tempted to steal the funds of the group.ConclusionThe paper tries to connect and integrate the faith in God and the social welfare acts. The paper examines why there are such people doing charitable works who does not expect anything in return.From the discussion above, the main fuel why there are such people or group of people that do social welfare acts is their faith in God. People have faith and belief in the Bible, church and God will tend to follow the teachings of the said religion. This is because of their faith which is the main fuel that turns them to help the needy persons. They follow the teachings of the Bible because they believe and adhere on the purpose and plan of God to humanity which is to save those people who need help. The Bible said that God is concerned with humanity. Those who believe in God do as well.The effectiveness of the faith-based social workers was also analyzed. From t he study, it was concluded that faith-based social workers are more effective in performing social acts to the society. This is because there is no social intervention in performing the said acts. It has a nature of pure intention. The social welfare acts are based on the teaching of God thus goodness kindness, righteousness, morality and justice prevails. Teachings of the Bible, as well as the other religious books, and faith can move mountains in concern with social welfare works. Integration of Faith and Social Works Essay Thank you for reading this Sample!

Feminist Therapy Critique essays

Feminist Therapy Critique essays Some people believe that the roles that have been set for males and females affect the life choices of growing and grown-up humans excessively. As women begin to form self-images, they measure themselves against unrealistic standards. Many of these standards involve role stereotypes set up by Western cultures. Although people believe they are unable to see how our culture has differing roles for men and women, many attitudes reflect bias, prejudice and stereotypes along the lines of sexual and gender expectations (Worrell, 2002). People need to look at the roles that women and men are expected to play in Western culture, for they differ a lot from what a person really can and wants to do in their life. Women who try to work and have a family and be equal to their husband have a doubly hard row to hoe. They must not only be successful in their job, but they have to be successful in raising their children, keeping the house and staying on top of their job responsibilities as well. There just isnt enough time in the day. If men had an equal share in raising a family, time and responsibility-wise, then it would be much easier on the women. When women are expected to work and yet not receive equal compensation, it is difficult to become the kind of successful career person that one thinks one will become when one was young. There seems to be a glass ceiling near the top of the career ladder that will not let women advance any farther than a certain rung in the career I always wanted to excel in. This ceiling will not let me reach my full potential and affects me psychologically, knowing that no matter how hard I try, Ill never be able to do what men do. I feel angry and frustrated at this. Another thing that affects women is that men can say whatever they want and women have to be careful what they say, or they will be taken to be rude, abusive and unladylike. A man can swear when he wants to get a...

What is a DBQ The Document-Based Question Explained

What is a DBQ The Document-Based Question Explained SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips The dreaded DBQ, or â€Å"document-based question,† is an essay question type on the AP History exams (AP US History, AP European History, and AP World History). For the DBQ essay, you will be asked to analyze some historical issue or trend with the aid of the provided sources, or "documents," as evidence. The DBQis an unfamiliar type of in-class essay for many students, but it does not need to be a source of dread or panic. In this guide I'll go over the DBQ's purpose and format, what the documents are and how to use them, how this type of essay is scored, and how to prepare. I'll tell you everything you need torock this unique type of essay! Note: The rubric, guidelines, and skills tested for all of the History APs are identical; only the historical source material is different. The DBQ Essay Explained As a veteran of the DBQ, I'm here to answer all your questions.Why do the AP History exams even have adocument-based question?What will it look like on the exam? What are these documents, anyways? Let's dive right in. This baby is too young to be diving into the DBQ! Why the DBQ? Thepoint of the document-based questionis not to torment you but actually to put you in the historian’s shoes as an interpreter of historical material. Cool, right? The DBQ is testing your ability to: create a strong thesis and support that thesis with the aid of the documents provided analyze sources for characteristics such as author’s point of view, the author's purpose, the audience, and context make connections between the documents bring in outside knowledge to strengthen the argument This may sound like a tall order, but you probably already use all these skills all the time. Here's an example: Suppose yourfriend asks for your help in deciding whether to buy a particular new brand of soccer ball. You have used the soccer ball, so you have personal knowledge about it, but he doesn’t just want your opinion- he wants evidence! (Your friend takes buying soccer balls very seriously). So first, you collect information (your â€Å"documents†). These could include: online reviews of the soccer ball your brother’s opinion the price at the store the cost of other soccer balls ads for the soccer ball Next, you'll analyze these "documents" to make a decisionabout whether the ball is a good purchase for your friend or not. For that, you might: Assess bias (also known as the author’s point of view): Maybe the soccer ball ad isn’t the most objective measure of the ball’s quality. Maybe your brother hates soccer. Consider the author’s audience: Maybe that review of the soccer ball was written for professional soccer players, and you want to know how it is for casual players! Think about the context of your friend's decision: What time of year is it? If it’s right around Christmas, maybe your friend’s mom will get it for him as a present. What you already know about soccer is part of the context as wellyou know your friend won’t want a ball that’s too bouncy, for example. Buying the right soccer ball might have higher stakes than the AP exam. If you were going to go back and write an essay for your friend about this after you've reviewed your "documents," your thesis might be something like one of these examples: â€Å"This soccer ball is a good purchase for my friend because it has all the elements of a good soccer ball at a great price point.† â€Å"This soccer is not a good purchase for my friend right now because even though it looks amazing, I know my friend’s birthday is in a week and his sister might buy it for him.† Then you would use the â€Å"documents† and your outside knowledge (for example, your experience with the soccer ball and your knowledge about soccer) to support that claim. That's a document-based question! In fact, I would assert thatthe DBQ is the easiest essay to score highly on in the AP History exams.As overwhelming as it might be now to think about all of that information getting thrown at you at once, think of it this way: Instead of relying primarily on your knowledge, the DBQ gives you a bunch of sources to use in your analysis. This meansyou don’t have to be worried you’ll waste five minutes racking your brain trying to remember the name of that guy who did that thing. It’s important to bring in some outside information for a top score, but the main thing you need to do is analyze. 95% of the info you really need is there. You just have to learn how to use it. Let's move on to test formatting so you know what to expect from document-based questions. What Does the DBQ Format Look Like? Each of the AP history tests has one DBQ, and itis always the first question in the test booklet for the writing section (Part II of the exam). When you open your booklet and turn to the DBQ, you will see the instructions, the prompt, and then the documents. You will have a 15-minute reading period, with a recommended 40 minutes of writing time. The test has two essays, and you will have 90 minutes total to plan and write them. You won't be forced to move on from one essay to the other, so be sure to budget your time carefully. You are not required to use the entire reading/planning period. You can begin writing whenever you wish. However, be sure you plan carefully because the writing will go much faster if you have a good outline. That covers the general format, but no doubt you want to hear more about these mysterious documents. Stay tuned! What's the Deal With These Documents? You will receiveup to seven sources.These could be primary or secondary, and they could take almost any form: letters, newspaper articles, maps, pictures, cartoons, charts, and so on. You will need to use all or all but one of the documents in your essay. You should go further in-depth on at least four of the documents. (See the rubric breakdown section below for more details). For US History, no DBQ will focus exclusively on the time period prior to 1607 or after 1980, although theymay focus on a broader time period that includes one of those time periods. Don't worry, they won't be original copies. Now that we've discussed the purpose, format, and document protocol of the DBQ, we need to discuss scoring. How Is the DBQ Scored? How much is the DBQ worth on your exam? And how do those pesky AP graders even score it? How Much Is the Document-Based Question Worth? The DBQ is 25% of your total grade. The entire second section of exam is 50% of your grade, and there are two equally weighted essays. What Does the Rubric Mean? The rubric the graders use is freely available to you on the College Board website. Click herefor the rubric. Don't worry if these look like gibberish to you. I'll break it down briefly here, and go even more in-depth on my article about how to prepare for and write a DBQ. DBQ Rubric Breakdown There are four categories in this rubric: thesis, analysis of the document, using outside evidence, and synthesis. You can score up to seven points. Thesis and Argument - 2 points The breakdown: One point for having a clear, historically plausible thesis that is located in the introduction or conclusion. You can get another point here for having a particularly good thesis that presents a nuanced relationship between historical factors, and doing a good job supporting that thesis in your essay. Document Analysis - 2 points The breakdown: One point for using 6-7 of the documents in your essay. Easy-peasy. One point for doing further analysis on four of the documents. This further analysis could be on any of the following points: author’s point of view author’s purpose historical context audience Just be sure to tie any further analysis back to your main argument! Using Outside Evidence - 2 points The breakdown: One point is just for context - if you can locate the issue within its broader historical situation. You do need to write several sentences about it but the contextual information can be very general. One point is for being able to name an additional specific example relevant to your argument that is not mentioned in the documents. Don't stress if you freeze up and can't remember one on test day. This is only one point and it will not prevent you from getting a 5 on the exam. Synthesis - 1 point The breakdown: All you need to do for synthesis is relate your argument about this specific time period to a different time period, geographical area, historical movement, etc. It is probably easiest to do this in the conclusion of the essay. Still with me? Just remember: the most important thing is having a strong thesis that is supported by the information in the documents and whatever other related information you have around in your brain. If you are an auditory learner, I recommend the following video, which breaks down all the components you need to get a seven. Parting Thoughts on Scoring If this seems like a lot to take in, don't worry. You don’t have to get a perfect score on the DBQ to get a five on the AP.Somewhere in the 5-6 range can definitely get you there. To get a 3on the exam (which still gives you course credit at a lot of colleges), you only need a 3on the DBQ. (See page eight of this document.) Additionally, overall historical accuracy is important but not 100% necessary for every tiny detail of the essay. Anything that is in the documents should be correct, but when you start to bring in outside sources for your DBQ essayon unionization and working conditions and you can’t remember if the Triangle Shirtwaist Factory Fire was in 1911 or 1912, just pick one and don’t sweat it.If minor details are incorrect and don’t detract from the overall meaning of the essay, you won’t lose points. Now that you understand the purpose, format, and rubric for document-based questions, I'll give you some tips on how to get the score you're aiming for. How Can I Rock the DBQ? Two things will help you crush the DBQ: prepping beforehand, and hitting all the right notes on test day! Rock the DBQ like Jimi rocked the 1960s. Preparing for the DBQ As you might expect, the most important thing you can do to prepare is to practice writing this type of essay. Try out thepractice DBQs available online at the College Board website: look here for AP US History (and here for a complete APUSH practice test), here for AP European History, and here for AP World History. You don’t necessarily have to write an entire essay every time you practice- it’s also helpful to read the question and texts and then create outlines with a thesis. Aska trusted teacher or advisor to look over your practice drafts and/or outlines withthe rubric and advise what you might be missing. Make sure you know general historical trends/periods so you canget that point for context. You can findmore prep tips in my article on how to write a DBQ. During the Test Read the question carefully. Make sure you know what is being asked before you start trying to answer. While you read the documents, take notes on what they mean, who is writing, etc. Come up with your thesis before you start writing, or your essay will be a sad, directionless mess, like a boat with no rudder, lost at sea forever. If you aren’t sure of your thesis yet, brainstorm in your notes- not while you are writing. Once you have a thesis, stay on topic. If you’re writing about how Smaug wrecked the Forbidden Mountain, don’t start talking about how amazing and clever Bilbo is, even if it’s true. Make sure you use all the documents- doing so gets youeasy points. However, don’t simply regurgitate sources with no analysis. If you find yourself doing a lot of â€Å"Source A says blah, and Source B says blah, and Source C says blah...† make sure you are using the documents to make a point, and not letting the documents use you. A great way to analyze the documents is to make connections between them! Who agrees? Who disagrees? Why? Don’t forget to provide context, one outside example, and a connection to another period/area/historical theme if you can! That’s three points right there. And there you have it! You are ready to start prepping for success. Abraham Lincoln believes in you! Final Thoughts I know I just threw a lot of information at you. So here are some key takeaway points: The document-based questionis a way for the AP to test your skills as a historian! Don’t panic! It doesn’t have to be overwhelming, even though you are getting tons of information thrown at you in a short time. The DBQ is based on skills that you can learn and practice: writing a strong thesis, using given evidence to support an argument, making connections between different documents and pieces of evidence, placing specific information in a broader context, analyzing an author’s intent, bias, audience, etc. What's Next? Need more study resources for AP World History? See our Best AP World History Study Guideor get more practice tests from our complete list. Need more resources for AP US History? Try this article on the best notes to use for studying from one of our experts. Also check out her review of the best AP US History textbooks! Or just looking for general information about your upcoming APs? See here for instructions on how to register for AP exams, complete 2016 test dates, and information on how much AP tests cost(and how to get AP financial aid). Want to improve your SAT score by 160points or your ACT score by 4 points?We've written a guide for each test about the top 5 strategies you must be using to have a shot at improving your score. Download it for free now:

Traditional Chinese Law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Traditional Chinese Law - Essay Example For instance, some historians and legal analyst explains that the advancement of traditional Chinese legal system is defined by the confucianization of law, while some argues that China has Confucian foundation legal account1. In fact, this concept played a significant role in developing the ancient Chinese legal system, the legal success of Tang and numerous dynasties that later contributed highly to the development of the contemporary laws. Furthermore, even though there is little explicit evidence linking China’s imperial and modern laws, the impacts of Confucian philosophy and ethos is readily obvious in the modified and transformed Chinese legal culture2. An Introduction to Confucianism Confucius (Kong Fuzi) who lectured at an era of pronounced social disorder during the Seventh Century B.C., on the foundation of the traditional approaches and principles, particularly as prescribed by the ancient Zhou (Chou) rulers or as documented in their deeds (3.14), convention li, wh ich implies numerous effects, but specifically, denial of the eternal and operative normativity of official and sanction. Confucius essentially champions social and political order via a procedure of persuasion and instance, which can be got from the concept of Confucian Viewpoint that defines the human treatment of the emperor. For example, when it postulates that the moral strength of a gentleman is likened to wind, while that of a common man is compared to grass. According to Confucius, human nature is kind, therefore, he prefers personal-cultivation and education as the way by which people should be directed. In essence, he underpins that people should be guided by virtue is emphasized for benefits, values and compromise so as to prevent any kind of friction and form a perfect universe of peace and harmony in which the proper coexistence of human and nature can be noted. Confucius’ approaches towards law can be easily be got from Analects as can be supported by the phrase when he says â€Å" I could adjudge lawsuits just like any other person. However, I would love to make lawsuits needless†. This is because, the people ought to be motivated positively by li, conduct themselves in a correct way as punishment is nothing but a source of making people shameless. Confucius similarly encourages the human relationship between the leader and the subjects and also between families. On the contrary, the legalists maintains that human beings can coexist in a society harmoniously only when the offenses are handle by prompt punishments and underpins state powers and control instead of championing morality3. The law which at times is called (fa), as their entity is discouragement, enforces severe penalty for failure to adhere with the responsibilities levied by the government and the moral concerns are rigorously exempted in the conduct of the state. Confucianism and legalism had co-occurred, with uneven effect and conflicts in the entire China history. A fter being implemented as a national ideology, the Confucians, on one side recognized the superiority of li to fa, which subsequently, as a result of being Confucianized, played a subservient role to li4. The spirit and at times the real necessities of the Confucian li were integrated into

Died for Beauty Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Died for Beauty - Essay Example Thus, a careful reader can easily find traces, in her poems, of the physical isolation, loneliness, and eccentricities which she experienced in her personal life and these poems contain hints to her unfulfilled dreams. By and large, Dickinson’s poems are subjective in nature, short and unconventional in quality, and they were mainly for private circulation rather than large-scale publishing. The unique quality of her poems such as short lines, lack of titles, unconventional capitalization and punctuation, use of slant rhyme, etc have attracted readers of the subsequent generation, although Dickinson was almost unknown as poet during her lifetime. Dickinson’s poems mainly deal with her mysterious life which is presented to the readers through her mysterious verse. Through the various themes in her poems, Dickinson presented the startling aspects ordinary human life which includes the mysterious actuality of death. It is also greatly remarkable that she dealt with two rec urring themes, i.e. death and immortality, in her poems (as well as her personal letters) and the poems discussed in this essay focus on such themes as death and immortality, love, beauty, sickness and inspiration. ... However, a careful reader can find a connotation to the poet’s failure in achieving the real meaning of beauty which is hinted by the words ‘died’ and ‘scarce’ in the opening line. It is important to recognize that the major concern of the poet in this poem is to bring out the link between beauty and truth which she achieves through the effective use of diction – for example, words like ‘adjoining room’, ‘kinsmen’, ‘brethren’, etc reveal this link. To analyze the use of versification in the poem, it is clear that the poet uses rhyming words such as â€Å"tomb – room†, â€Å"replied – said†, â€Å"rooms – names†, etc to illustrate the musical qualities of her poems. Similarly, one can find the use of figures of speech such as metaphor, personification, metonymy, etc. The use of metaphor in â€Å"We brethren are† compares the two unlike things – i.e. be auty and truth, whereas these concepts are personified in the poem when they are given human qualities. The poet is effective in the use of metonymy when she refers to ‘our lips’ and ‘our names’. In short, â€Å"I Died for Beauty, But Was Scarce† is a typical poem by Emily Dickinson in which a reader can find elements of her poetry such as common themes, lyric qualities, unconventional capitalization and punctuation, striking use of figures of speech, and connotative language. Another poem dealing with the theme of death is â€Å"Because I could not stop for Death† in which Dickinson personifies death as a gentleman caller or suitor, and the poem incorporates all the major characteristics of Dickinson-poetry. In this poem, the poet celebrates the theme of death and establishes how dearly she

Heart of darkness :: essays research papers

Joseph Conrad led an adventurous life and spent alot of his time at sea, most of his novels and short stories are loosely based on some of his experinces. His inspiration for Heart of Darkness came from his travels to the African Congo, where he witnessed the horrors of slavery and the grim realities of Imperialism. These experinces reflect throughout the book and give it a haunting realism. Now to the synopsis: Heart of Darkness is the tale of a man named Marlow, a seaman and wanderer. It is told through his eyes and from his POV using the 1st person narrative except for the begining where an unamed narrator and couple of men(Marlow included)gather in a boat on the river Thames and Marlow proceeds to to tell the story of his travels in the Congo and experinces in what he describes as the dark heart of the world - the African Congo(at that time it was still pretty much a black mark on the map with a few british colonies tucked in and out). He begins his journey on a French Man of War hitching a ride towards the congo where he has been hired to captain an old steam boat docked at mouth of the Congo river just near the central Ivory station run by the British. When he arrives at the station he is disgusted by the attiudes of his fellow Brits as they seem too preoccupied with Ivory and the money that can make from it, while exploiting the natives for the said purposes. He soon finds himself Isolated from "the pilgrims" and focuses on fixing the steamboat which has been neglected since the previous skipper was killed. Marlow hears mention of a man named Kurtz, an enigmatic Ivory poacher who runs a station in the furthurmost outskirts of the Congo. Soon word comes in that Kurtz is ill and may die if help is not sent and its our man Marlow who is palced with the task. So Marlow and crew(a hand full of pilgrims and some native canibals on a strict diet of hippo meat) are heading up river in search of Kurtz all the while Marlow is becoming more disconnected and removed from his fellow pilgrims. Marlow sees something in the natives that he doesnt see in the pilgrims - humanity. They may be cannibals but at least they have restraint, Marlow thinks, actually Marlow thinks alot, he starts to wonder about Kurtz.

Effects On Prisons On Inmates Essay

In the premodern times, societies used to mutilate bodies and cut off the heads of their culprits as a way of punishing the wrongdoers. However through a series of imperceptible measures of reform and development, punishment became less physical and less directed to the body of the offenders as people became more civilized and the prisons replaced the gallows. They stopped locking up the insane in asylums and began forms of treatment in institutions which had features of both hospitals and prisons, (Alan &Gary 4). In most parts of the world, it is taken that a person convicted of serious crime should be sent to prison. Countries like the U.S, where capital punishment has not yet been abolished, a small but significant number of people are sentenced to death for what is especially considered as grave crimes, (Angela 3). The condition of prisons in the past was a nightmare to both the country as well as the society as they were damp, dark, and noisy. Prison wardens were brutal, poor diet and miserable portions of food were given to prisoners who were usually dressed in rags and suffered from many diseases which were not treated in time resulting to poor heath of the inmates. All these inhuman acts were however viewed by the wardens as a way of punishment to prisoners and therefore the prisons lacked a sense of reformation and charity as brutal acts were directed to inmates. According to (Thomas 602), Inmates who entered prison capable of moral improvement went back in to the society as impure, hardened and irreclaimable persons as there was no separation of sexes, classification of age and character therefore the convicted felon corrupted the untried and innocent prisoners. The unfortunate According to (Douglas & Eric 2004), military officers in Iraq used dogs to intimidate prisoners. This was one of the several tactics they adopted even without approval from their seniors. They set strict limits on Red Cross access to prisoners and delayed them and accused them of, unannounced visit to the cellblock where the worst abuses occurred. There were also unreported incidents in which Iraq prisoners died after being questioned by American interrogators. Initially, imprisonment was based on punishing wrongdoers by inflicting suffering of the body. However, today’s imprisonment is not only an acute form of corporal punishment, but as a way of working on a person’s mind and body through three areas which include: punishment, deterrence and rehabilitation. Prisons are intended to allow the society remove criminals from them place them into an institution for reformation, persuade them to avoid activities which are not beneficial, and in time become productive and law abiding citizens. However this well thought plan is not put in place due to the bad experiences in prisons hence the initial meaning of prisons is not realized by the society.   The main objectives and responsibilities of prisons are to safeguard inmates and maintain and improve welfare of everyone in it. Safe guarding involves keeping inmates locked away and controlled while having moments of recreation, education and counseling. However, it should be realized that psychological freedom depends on relations with others and that it is what the prisoners experience in this world, attain satisfaction and avoid its detrimental effects and not the education or counseling that decide how, if ever, they will emerge hence life imprisonment of an inmate does not add to his becoming upright. It should therefore be remembered that offenders are drawn from societies where possessions are related to personal worth unlike in prison where they are reduced to a level of bare possessions. Lockups, isolation, condemnation and rejection dehumanize prisoners resulting to psychological discomforts to prisoners. A Prisons aim is to cure and straighten the bad behaviors of criminals, however their record has not been encouraging and instead they are found to do more harm than good as the pains of jail confinement affect all prisoners in different negative ways most of which destroy a person instead of reforming his or her past bad behavior. The need to quickly adapt to prison life and withstand prison shock, exposure to a new culture and maintain outside links like keeping in contact with family and friends becomes frustrating to prisoners. The prisoners must therefore determine their way of passing time which affects the great deal and this end up affecting them psychologically. (Tosh 43). All these question the practice of life imprisonment of people since instead of reforming them they end up becoming worse both in their behaviors and their psychological status. Prisons therefore should be opposed to the idea of locking up people for the rest of their lives to avoid more harm than good to them. (Alison 14-19), came up with several negative effects on prisoners as a result of imprisonment which therefore opposes the idea of life imprisonment. First is that imprisonment can be detrimental both to physical and mental health of prisoners particularly with regard to long term and aged prisoners. Though many prisoners receive medical treatment in prison that would be unavailable to them outside, the health risk of imprisonment are high, uneven and specific to the condition of confinement. For instance, Scottish prisons have reported increased risk of HIV and hepatitis B and C transmission due to random sharing of injection equipment, tattooing and unprotected sexual intercourse. One study estimates showed that 36% prisoners had injected themselves intravenously and 12% had anal intercourse at least once while in prison. Post- traumatic stress is second where its psychological effects apply to certain group of prisoners who have shown symptoms of PTSD in medico-legal assessments. Such symptoms can have debilitating effect and are associated with difficulties in restoring and maintaining relationships. High level of anxiety, disturbed sleep, chronic depression, withdrawal and persistent feeling of being different from others and from previous self are described by clinicians working with former prisoners. There may also be physical symptoms like increased arousal, outbursts of anger, difficulties in concentration and hyper vigilance which are associated with increased alcohol and drug abuse.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   (Davis 322) in the third effect argued that inmates’ family and dependants suffer most. Despite considerable progress in understanding immediate and long term effects of separation trauma upon children, the impact of imprisonment upon the children of prisoners includes increased behavior disturbance and later delinquency, depression and feeling of low self esteem, behavioral disturbance and deterioration in school performance. Imprisonment and distance from crime is another effect which results to informal social control which suggests that social bonds like employment and marriage may inhibit offending. The imprisonment reduces opportunities to achieve relational and economic stability and therefore increase re-offending. Imprisonment also weakens the bonds and makes them difficult to re-establish hence suffering a significant source of legitimate or law abiding behavior and therefore imprisonment becomes part of the cycle of delinquency and crime. Another effect is on imprisonment and prison staff. Power especially overuse has dehumanizing effect as the culture of masculinity characteristic of prison staff bring a range of emotions and new emotion management techniques. Some of these techniques can lead to hardening, distancing and distrust. The process of adaptation could lead to enduring changes in their character and family life to preparedness to respond to danger. Imprisonments also result to some prisoners using sexual assaults and rape to make them feel powerful. Many of them use this assault to make them feel powerful than others and also express their manhood. The victims as a result are affected psychologically by being stressed, having nightmares and resulting to criminal activities and some forms of self destructive behaviour. The main solution to all these problems is to avoid inmate staying for a very long time in prisons since they tend to be harder than before and that certainly does not cure inmates rather it makes them more aggressive. Others is by ensuring good living and health conditions for the inmates, counsel them on how to handle people and relationships within and outside the prisons especially their families, provide good counseling facilities on the negative effects of using sex as a tool to feel good and demoralize other inmates. In conclusion prisons and punishments that are given to the prisoners do not necessarily bring a positive change of behaviour.In most cases they end up destroying the person as he or she becomes immune to the situations, therefore putting a person in prison for the rest of his/her life does not ensure behavior change and should therefore opposed. WORK CITED Angela Yvonne Davis Are prisoners obsolete? Seven stories press ISBN 1583225811, 2003 Alan Hunt and Gary Wickman Sociological jurisprudence Pluto press ISBN 0745308422, 1994   Douglas Jehl and Eric Schmitt New York times 21st May 2004 Joanne Mariner and Michael Bochenek punishment before trial Human rights watch org ISBN 1564322017, 1997 Tosh John The pains of imprisonment sage publications California 1982

Science Fact or Fiction Quiz

Effects Of Prenatal Alcohol Exposure On Motor Development

Effects of Prenatal Alcohol Exposure on Motor Development This paper explores the effects of prenatal alcohol exposure on motor development. With this topic, came many questions. They are: Is every child effected the same amount, or does it depends on how much the mother drank and how much the fetus was exposed to?, Is there anything the mother can do to reverse the effects of exposure, or perhaps lessen the damage on the child?, Is there a safe amount of alcohol that can be consumed without harm?, And lastly, do the effects of prenatal alcohol exposure ever go away? Coles et al. (2015) and Lucas et al. (2016) suggest answers and evidence to these questions. This paper explains what happens when a fetus is exposed to alcohol, and how it†¦show more content†¦The Bayley Scales of Infant Development was chosen as the course for developmental assessment. The study found that nutritional supplements have a possibility of preventing and lessening the damage of PAE in the early stages of pregnancy, known as the pre-recognition period. How ever, many problems with development were identified later, but were impossible to measure at six months old. This has shown that there might be a possibility to reduce the damage of alcohol on a fetus, it is best to refrain from drinking altogether. The quality of life for these children is unfortunately not the best. They can have limb, facial, and organ defects, and will have stunted physical growth throughout young adult life. Prenatal exposure can also have a negative effect on motor skills, especially fine motor tasks such as writing and balancing. The disabilities depend on the mother and her drinking habits. The children of heavy drinkers while pregnant, have many more developmental problems than of those whose mother was a light drinker. The most common problems among these children with alcohol exposure are with balance, coordination, and how they are able to play and handle a ball. In 2016, Lucas et al. formed a study to determine a relationship between gross motor skills, and PAE. This used the Bruininks-Oseretsky Test of Motor Proficiency (BOT-2) to assess motor performance. Half of the children tested were exposed to risky levels ofShow MoreRelatedPrenatal Problems In Children990 Words   |  4 Pagesindicated that prenatal exposure to high amounts of alcohol induced several developmental problems as the child grew up. It has been described that alcohol exposure during pregnancy causes several developmental problems in children. Some of these problems include a slower reaction to both visual and auditory stimuli (Mattson, 2006), growth retardation problems (Chasnoff, 2015), and motor impairment (Lucas, 2014). Additionally, Chasnoff observed that children that had been exposed to alcohol during pregnancyRead MoreThe Effects Of Prenatal Alcohol On Children977 Words   |  4 Pagesindicated that prenatal exposure to high amounts of alcohol induced several dev elopmental problems as the child grew up. It has been described that alcohol exposure during pregnancy causes several developmental problems in children. Some of these problems include a slower reaction to both visual and auditory stimuli (Mattson, 2006), growth retardation problems (Chasnoff, 2015), and motor impairment (Lucas, 2014). Additionally, Chasnoff observed that children that had been exposed to alcohol during pregnancyRead MoreFetal Alcohol Syndrome And Its Effects1712 Words   |  7 Pages Fetal Alcohol Syndrome and its Effects On a Child’s Cognitive Development Dane D. Hrencher Kansas State University Fetal Alcohol Syndrome and its Effects On a Child’s Cognitive Development Alcohol is known as one the most dangerous teratogens. Every time a pregnant woman drinks, she allows alcohol to enter her blood stream and make its way into the placenta. Unlike the mother, the fetus is unable to break down alcohol that makes the blood alcohol level of the fetus the same orRead MoreWhat Are The Effects Of Prenatal Choline Supplementation On Spatial Working Memory?1345 Words   |  6 PagesFetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASD) include numerous neurodevelopmental deficits that result from fetal exposure to alcohol, such as impaired memory and motor function (1). Prevention of FASD proves challenging due to continued maternal consumption of alcohol, often associated with alcohol dependence. As a result, current research explores treatment options to alleviate existing alcohol-related deficits. The present review explores the ability of choline, a critical nutrient for brain developmentRead MoreFetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder ( Fasd )1603 Words   |  7 PagesFetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder â€Å"Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder (FASD) is an umbrella term describing the range of effects that can occur in an individual whose mother drank alcohol during pregnancy. These effects may include physical, mental, behavioral, and/or learning disabilities with possible lifelong implications† (HHS, 2005). FASD refers to conditions such as: fetal alcohol syndrome including partial FAS, fetal alcohol effects (FAE), alcohol related neurodevelopment disorder, alcohol-relatedRead MorePrenatal Alcohol Adolescents1800 Words   |  8 Pagesattention in children with heavy prenatal alcohol exposure. Neuropsychology, 20(3), 361-369. doi:10.1037/0894-4105.20.3.361 Question 1. Summarize the claims made by the authors regarding how humans develop over their life span Prenatal exposure to heavy alcohol increases the probability of the child to have developmental problems. One of the main problems of fetal alcohol spectrum disorder is related to attention deficit. Children that were exposed to high doses of alcohol during pregnancy have lowestRead MoreThe Effect of Exposure to Alcohol During Prenatal Development2046 Words   |  9 PagesExposure to alcohol during prenatal development is one of the leading causes of preventable birth defects and mental impairments (Bower, Szajer, Mattson, Riley, Murphy, 2013; Nuà ±ez, Roussotte, Sowell, 2011; Sowell et al., 2008a). Fetal Alcohol Syndrome (FAS), the more severe form of PAE, affects two to seven out of every 1000 individuals in the United States (May et al., as cited in Simmons, Thomas, Levy Riley, 2010). The term Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder (FASD) describes an individual withRead MoreThe Connection Between Prenatal Alcohol Exposure1848 Words   |  8 PagesAlcohol is a teratogen, meaning th at is it a substance capable of interfering with the development of an embryo or fetus, causing birth defects (Teratogen). Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders, or FASD, is a non-diagnostic umbrella term describing the varying range of effects that can occur as a result of prenatal alcohol exposure. These may include physical, mental, behavioral, and learning disabilities, or a combination of these (Facts). A number of factors are involved in determining the outcomeRead MoreEssay on Fetal Alcohol Syndrome1390 Words   |  6 PagesNutrition is a key component of an individual’s healthy well being. Many factors have a significant effect on nutrition and it is important to continuously maintain a balanced one. Having a good nutrition is one of the main defenses for an innumerous amount of illnesses and diseases that can harm the body. One would ask, â€Å"What is nutrition per say, and how do we maintain the balance of it?† Nutrition is defined as â€Å"the sum of the p rocesses by which [a living thing] takes in and utilizes foodRead MoreFactors and Hazards of Infant Development Essay627 Words   |  3 PagesRunning head: FACTORS AND HAZARDS OF INFANT DEVELOPMENT 1 Author Note This research is being submitted on March 10, 2013, for Melissa Shamblott’s EC100 Section 05 Foundations of Child Development course. FACTORS AND HAZARDS OF INFANT DEVELOPMENT 2 Factors and Hazards of Infant Development There are many factors and hazards that influence an infant’s development. Even though they are all very important I believe

The Significance Of Feminism In The Handmaids Tale

I agree to a large extent that a writer’s task is to make insignificant things significant. It allows authors to shed light on important, but maybe overlooked, issues plaguing society and make the reader appreciate what we originally took for granted. This is evident through Margaret Atwood’s novel The Handmaid’s Tale, a work of speculative fiction that depicts a dystopian future world called Gilead. In this novel, Atwood does a great job of highlighting the significance of feminism or specifically the lack thereof and warns the reader of the consequences that comes along with not recognising the effects on women in a patriarchal society. During the 1980’s, when The Handmaid’s Tale was written, women in North America had the right to†¦show more content†¦By warning what the world may come to if we continue to ignore what feminists have done and are still doing, FINISH Additionally, at the time Atwood was writing the novel, the president of the United States was a republican named Ronald Reagan. His party were known for their conservative and religious beliefs overruling their actions and one aspect they were in favour of was taking away the legality of abortions within America. Once again, men were dictating the rights women have over their bodies, and there is no shortage of this discrimination in the novel. The Republic of Gilead was a strict, totalitarian regime that based its laws and customs around the Christian Bible. Roles were assigned where men had access to education and have influential positions whereas women were regarded as second-class citizens who should be subject to men. 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As one critic writes, â€Å"the author has concluded that present social trends are dangerous to individual welfare† (Prescott 151).   The novel is set in the near future in Gilead, formerly the U.S., at a time whenRead MoreThe Handmaid s Tale Literacy Essay1841 Words   |  8 PagesENG4U: The Handmaid’s Tale Literacy Essay Shoshannah Lewis Margret Atwood’s The Handmaid’s Tale takes place in the closely monitored, male dominant area of Gilead where women are deprived of their sexual and human rights, forbidding them to live independently. For many years prior to Gilead’s existence, women were seen as inferior to men and neglected of basic human rights such as voting, career opportunities, and equal salaries. The Republic of Gilead was later introduced following the transitionRead MoreThe Importance of Names in Frankenstein and the Handmaids Tale1619 Words   |  7 Pagesus; to think about it with care and affection. 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An Ideal Performance Evaluation System Commerce Essay Free Essays

string(131) " those wary of confrontations and reverberations, may be tempted to dole out excessively many inactive, centrist evaluations \( e\." â€Å" Most folks scoff at the thought that there might be a perfect system for making employee public presentation assessment. They think that since their organisation is â€Å" alone, † so their system for analysing employee public presentation must be alone, excessively. How foolish. We will write a custom essay sample on An Ideal Performance Evaluation System Commerce Essay or any similar topic only for you Order Now Do n’t jeer – there is an ideal method for the appraisal procedure. In administrations that take employee public presentation assessment earnestly and utilize the procedure good, the system maps as an ongoing procedure – non simply an one-year event. † – Dick Grote 1. Among Performance Appraisal experts, there is a important sum of understanding that there is an ideal rhythm that, if followed, will by and large bring forth superior consequences 1. The distinguishable stages or the figure of stairss of this rhythm, nevertheless, varies across the literature available. While Dick Grote identifies four distinct phases2, Stephen P Robbins 3 lineations six different stairss. Back place in India, direction expert, Subba Rao 4 divides the rhythm into nine stairss. Before showing an ideal public presentation rating system, it is of import to reexamine the assorted methods or techniques that have been developed along with the development of appraisal systems. A few of the of import 1s are outlined in the succeeding paragraphs. Methods and Techniques for Appraisal 2. Graphic Rating Scales. This is the simplest and most popular method for measuring public presentation and offers a high grade of structure.5. It compares single public presentation to an absolute criterion, with each employee trait or characteristic rated on a bipolar graduated table that normally has several points runing from â€Å" hapless † to â€Å" first-class † ( or some similar agreement ) . The supervisor rates each subsidiary by circling or look intoing the mark that best describes his or her public presentation for each trait. The assigned values for the traits are so totalled. The traits assessed on these graduated tables include employee properties such as cooperation, communications ability, enterprise, promptness and proficient ( work accomplishments ) competency. The nature and range of the traits selected for inclusion is limited merely by the imaginativeness of the graduated table ‘s interior decorator, or by the administration ‘s demand to cognize. The one major proviso in choosing traits is that they should be in some manner relevant to the appraisee ‘s occupation. The traits selected by some administrations have been unwise and have resulted in legal action on the evidences of discrimination.6 3. Advantages. The following are the advantages of following this system: – ( a ) Graphic Rater Scales are structured and standardised. This allows evaluations to be easy compared and contrasted – even for full work forces. Each employee is subjected to the same basic assessment procedure and evaluation standards, with the same scope of responses. This encourages equality in intervention for all appraisees and imposes standard steps of public presentation across all parts of the organization.7 ( B ) Rating scale methods are besides really simple to utilize and understand. The construct of the evaluation graduated table makes obvious sense ; both valuators and appraisees have an intuitive grasp for the simple and efficient logic of the bipolar graduated table. The consequence is widespread credence and popularity for this attack. 4. Disadvantages. The major drawbacks of the evaluation graduated table have been discussed below: – ( a ) Trait Relevance. The traits selected may non be relevant in the same grade across all occupations of the appraisees. For illustration, the trait â€Å" instructional ability † might non be really of import in a occupation that is tightly defined and stiffly structured. In such instances, a low assessment evaluation for the same may non intend that an employee lacks the ability. Rather, it may reflect the fact that an employee has few chances to utilize and expose that peculiar trait. ( B ) Systemic Disadvantage. Rating graduated tables, and the traits selected, by and large attempt to supply an overall appraisal standards or criterion for the apraisees. There is an premise that all the possible indexs of public presentation are included, and all false and irrelevant indexs are excluded. This is an premise really hard to turn out in pattern. It is possible that an employee ‘s public presentation may depend on factors that have non been included in the selected traits. Such employees may stop up with evaluations that do non genuinely or reasonably reflect their attempt or value to the organisation. Employees in this category are systemically disadvantaged by the evaluation graduated table method. ( degree Celsius ) Perceptual Errors. This includes assorted well-known jobs of selective perceptual experience ( such as the horns and halos consequence ) every bit good as jobs of sensed significance. Selective perceptual experience is the human inclination to do private and extremely subjective appraisals of what a individual is â€Å" truly similar † , and so seek grounds to back up that position ( while disregarding or understating grounds that might belie it ) . 8 In other words, we see in others what we want to see in them. An illustration is the supervisor who believes that an employee is inherently good ( halo consequence ) and so ignores grounds that might propose otherwise. On the other manus, a supervisor may hold formed the feeling that an employee is bad ( horns consequence ) . The supervisor becomes unreasonably rough in their appraisal of the employee and ever ready to knock and sabotage them. ( vitamin D ) Perceived Meaning. Problems of sensed significance occur when valuators do non portion the same sentiment about the significance of the selected traits and the linguistic communication used on the evaluation graduated tables. For illustration, to one valuator, an employee may show the trait of inaugural by describing work jobs to a supervisor. To another valuator, this might propose an inordinate dependance on supervisory aid – and therefore a deficiency of enterprise. ( vitamin E ) Rating Mistakes. The job here is non so much mistakes in perceptual experience as mistakes in valuator opinion and motivation. Unlike perceptual mistakes, these mistakes may be ( at times ) deliberate. The most common evaluation mistake is cardinal inclination. Busy valuators, or those wary of confrontations and reverberations, may be tempted to dole out excessively many inactive, centrist evaluations ( e. You read "An Ideal Performance Evaluation System Commerce Essay" in category "Essay examples"g. â€Å" satisfactory † or â€Å" equal † ) , irrespective of the existent public presentation of a subsidiary. Thus the spread of evaluations tends to clop overly around the center of the graduated table. This job is worsened in administrations where the assessment procedure does non bask strong direction support, or where the valuators do non experience confident with the undertaking of assessment. 5. Ranking Method. Ranking employees from best to pip on a trait or traits is another option. Since it is normally easier to separate between the worst and best employees, an alternation ranking method is most popular. First, list all subsidiaries to be rated, and so traverse out the names of any non known good plenty to rank. Then, on a signifier indicate the employee who is the highest on the characteristic being measured and besides the 1 who is the lowest. Then take the following highest and the following lowest, jumping between highest and lowest until all employees have been ranked. 9 6. Paired Comparison Method. In this method all possible braces of employees are formed.10 The judge indicates which single in each brace is a better performing artist. An employee ‘s rank is determined by the figure of times he or she is chosen as the better performing artist in a brace. The individual chosen most frequently is ranked foremost. Use of this method requires the comparing of many braces even when the entire figure of employees is non really big. This method helps to do the superior method more precise, though it is more complicated than consecutive ranking. 7. Checklist Methods. The checklist is a simple evaluation technique in which the supervisor is given a list of statements or words and asked to look into statements stand foring the features and public presentation of each employee. There are three types of checklist methods viz. , simple checklist, weighted, and forced pick method. ( a ) Simple Checklist. The checklist consists of a big figure of statements9 like â€Å" is he punctual † or â€Å" is his behavior gracious † etc. The rater cheques to bespeak if the behavior of an employee is positive or negative to each statement. Employee public presentation is rated on the footing of figure of positive cheques. The negative cheques are non considered. A trouble may originate because the words or statements may hold different significances to different raters. ( B ) Weighted Checklists. This involves burdening different points in the checklist, to bespeak that some are more of import than others. The public presentation evaluations are multiplied by the weights of the statements and the coefficients are added up. The leaden public presentation mark is compared with the overall appraisal criterions to happen out the overall public presentation of the person. However, it is expensive to plan, and clip consuming. Though this method is appraising every bit good as developmental, it has the basic job of the judge non cognizing the points which contribute most to successful public presentation. 8. Critical Incident Method. With this method the supervisor keeps a log of positive and negative illustrations ( critical incidents ) of a subsidiary ‘s work related behaviors. Every six months or so, supervisor and low-level meet to discourse the latter ‘s public presentation, utilizing the incidents as illustrations. This method has several advantages. It provides illustrations of good and hapless public presentation the supervisor can utilize to explicate the individual ‘s evaluation. It makes the supervisor think about the subsidiary ‘s assessment all during the twelvemonth ( so the evaluation does non merely reflect the employee ‘s most recent public presentation ) . The list provides illustrations of what specifically the subsidiary can make to extinguish lacks. The downside is that without some numerical evaluation, this method is non excessively utile for comparing employees or for salary determinations. Besides it is clip devouring for the judg es, and it may be difficult to quantify or construction the incidents into a concluding narrative rating. 9. Try or Free Form Appraisal. This method requires the trough to compose a short essay depicting each employee ‘s public presentation during the evaluation period. This format emphasises rating of overall public presentation, based on strengths/weaknesses of employee public presentation, instead than specific occupation dimensions. The downside is the clip involved, there is no common criterion, and the essay composing accomplishments may be unequal with different judges. 10. Group Appraisals. Under this an employee is appraised by a group of valuators, dwelling of the immediate supervisor, other supervisors who have close contact with the employees work, directors or caputs of section and advisers. The group appraises the public presentation based on comparing with set criterions, finds out divergences, discusses grounds thereof and suggests ways to better public presentation. This method is widely used for intents of publicity, demotion and retrenchment assessment. 11. Assessment Centre. This method was foremost developed by the German ground forces in1930. This is non a technique of public presentation assessment by itself but is a system, where appraisal of several persons is done by assorted experts, utilizing assorted techniques. Persons from assorted sections are brought together to pass two or three yearss working on an person or group assignment similar to the 1s they would be managing when promoted. Perceivers rank the public presentation of each participant in order to deserve. All assesses get an equal chance to demo their endowments and capablenesss and secure publicities based on virtue. The Centre besides enables persons working in low position sections to vie with people from good known sections and heighten their publicity opportunities. 12. Management by Aims. MBO requires the director to put specific mensurable ends with each employee and so sporadically discourse the latter ‘s advancement toward these ends. The term MBO by and large refers to a comprehensive and formal administration broad end scene and appraisal plan consisting of six stairss: ( a ) Set the administration ‘s end. ( B ) Set departmental ends. ( degree Celsius ) Discuss departmental ends ( vitamin D ) Define expected consequences and set single ends ( vitamin E ) Performance reappraisal. ( degree Fahrenheit ) Provide feedback. 13. There are three jobs with MBO: ( a ) Puting ill-defined ends ( B ) It is clip devouring ( degree Celsius ) Puting aims with the subsidiary turns into a jerk of war with the direction forcing for higher aims and the subsidiary forcing for lower 1s. The Ideal Performance Appraisal Cycle 14. Advisers who help administrations make effectual public presentation assessments, academicians who study the public presentation assessment procedure, human resource directors, and organizational development practicians with companies that have successfully developed their ain public presentation assessment systems come to the same decision: public presentation assessment does n’t get down with the signifier, it starts with the occupation – planning what needs to be done and calculating out how it will be accomplished. 11 15. An organizational scheme is a requirement for developing an overall public presentation direction system. Before any appraisal of an person ‘s public presentation can be made, the administration ‘s way must be clarified and communicated. Until the end of the administration has non been decided, it would be bootless to make up one’s mind the ends for single units or the worker ‘s public presentation appraisal criterions. Authoritative MBO ( Management by aims ) theory, the nucleus doctrine behind most successful assessment systems, begins with the demand that the administration formulate long term ends and strategic programs. These programs lead to overall organizational aims and the procedure continues downward to derivative aims for single units and subdivisions, boulder clay every member of the administration has specific and mensurable aims in consonant rhyme with the ends of the administration. Once an understanding is reached between the supervisor a nd the subsidiary on the occupation particulars, the following measure is to realize it, followed by the assessment, sooner by both the valuator and the appraisee. The reappraisal of the public presentation is done in a face to confront meeting. Thereafter the procedure begins afresh. Thus the ideal public presentation assessment rhythm can be divided into four stages: – 16. The Evaluation Process. The rating procedure involves: – ( a ) Performance Planning. An administration must hold its mission clearly defined prior to set abouting the public presentation assessment procedure. If the org does non hold a specific way, powerful attempts on the portion of its members wo n’t supply consequences. At the clip that a occupation is designed and a occupation description formulated, public presentation criterions should besides be developed for the place. These criterions and aims should be clear and adequate to be understood and measured. Obscure phrases should non be used to specify the criterions. 12 ( B ) Communicate Performance Expectations to Employees. The valuator and the appraisee meet to be after for the approaching twelvemonth. In the treatment, they come to an understanding about five major countries: – ( I ) The cardinal answerabilities of the subsidiary ‘s occupation i.e. the major countries within which he is responsible for acquiring consequences. ( two ) The specific objectives the subsidiary will accomplish within each answerability country ( three ) The criterions that will be used to measure how good the subsidiary has achieved each aim. ( four ) The public presentation factors, competences etc that will be critical in finding how the consequences will be achieved ( how he will carry on the occupation ) . ( V ) The elements of the development program the low-level shall finish during the twelvemonth. 17. This treatment generates an improved employee public presentation as he knows precisely what is expected of them. Furthermore, the valuator can now keep the appraisee accountable. 18. Employee Performance Execution. Over the class of the twelvemonth, employee public presentation should be focused on accomplishing the ends, aims and cardinal duties of the occupation. The superior provides aid and feedback to the person so as to increase the chance of success and creates conditions that motivate and besides decide any jobs that may originate. 19. The valuator and the appraisee meet sporadically to reexamine advancement toward the programs and ends discussed in the employee public presentation planning meeting. The appraisee must seek out a feedback and the needed counsel for the hereafter. Besides elements of the program that have become disused are abandoned by common understanding and new aims to react to altering conditions are established. 20. Employee Performance Assessment. At the clip for the formal employee public presentation assessment, the valuator reflects on how good the subsidiary has performed over the class of the twelvemonth, assembles the assorted signifiers and paperwork that the organisation provides to do this appraisal, and fills them out. The Appraiser and appraisee independently measure the grade to which the different elements of the one-year program were achieved. The valuator completes an appraisal of the subsidiary ‘s public presentation and typically has it reviewed and approved by senior direction before discoursing it with the subsidiary. In an ideal system, the subsidiary besides completes a self appraisal, roll uping informations, if necessary, from equals, subsidiaries, and others. The subsidiary may subject the ego assessment to the valuator to be used as a portion of his overall appraisal. 21. Employee Performance Review. The valuator and the low-level meet, to reexamine their assessments. They discuss the consequences that were achieved and the public presentation factors that contributed to their achievement. The treatment includes: Consequences achieved ( what was done ) . Performance or behavioral effectivity ( how it was done ) . Overall public presentation appraisal. Development. At the terminal of the reappraisal meeting they set a day of the month to run into once more to keep an employee public presentation planning treatment for the approaching 12 months, get downing the procedure anew. 22. This public presentation assessment procedure non merely transforms employee public presentation direction from an one-year event to an ongoing rhythm, it besides tightly links the public presentation of each member with the mission and values of the administration as a whole. The existent value of the system is in concentrating everyone ‘s attending on what is truly of import i.e. the accomplishment of the administration ‘s strategic ends through presentation of the administration ‘s vision and values in each employee ‘s daily behavior. 23. In the best-run and most efficient administrations, employee public presentation assessment is a critical and vigorous direction tool. No other direction procedure has every bit much influence on persons ‘ callings and work lives. Employee public presentation assessment can concentrate each individual ‘s attending on the company ‘s mission, vision and values. Besides ideally, the procedure can reply the two cardinal inquiries that every individual individual in the organisation wants the replies to: What do you anticipate of me? And how am I making? ________________________________ 1. Richard C Grote â€Å" Complete usher to appraisal systems † 2. Dick Grote â€Å" htpp//ezine articles.com/expert: † 3. Stephen P Robbins â€Å" Management of Human Resources † 4. Subba Rao â€Å" Personnel/human Resource Management † 5. Archer North â€Å" Performance assessment systems ; www.pasystems.com † 6. Ibid p8 7. Ibid p8 8. Ibid p10 9. Subba Rao â€Å" Personnel/human Resource direction † 10. Fisher, Schoenfeldt, Shaw â€Å" Human resource direction † . 11 Richard C Grote â€Å" Complete usher to appraisal systems † 12. Archer North â€Å" Performance assessment systems ; www.pasystems.com † How to cite An Ideal Performance Evaluation System Commerce Essay, Essay examples